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Comment: Mennen: Much has been written about Caracalla's gruff expression. For a long time scholars considered this expression as the confirmation of the cruel character of the emperor, as described in the historiographical sources. Assuming the emperor would at least have had to approve of the way he was portrayed, what reason could Caracalla have possibly had to portray himself like a cruel man? During the last decade, scholars have tried to come up with other possible explanations for the frown on Caracalla's face. AAnne-Marie Leander Touati compared the facial expression of Caracalla to the expressions of soldiers at the Trajan frieze on the Arch of Constantine and detected striking iconographical similarities. The faces of the soldiers on this frieze also showed contorted muscles, particularly on the forehead. So even though this tradition cannot be found within the imperial portraiture of the second century, it can be seen within the historical reliefs. Leander Touati deduces from this that Caracalla's portrait was meant to express military virtue, virtus, originating from the artistic tradition within Roman state relief. She suggests that this type is not so much realistic in the sense that the emperor was depicted the way he really looked, but that one should consider it in contrast with the idealism within the Antonine tradition, in which no traces of emotion and age were visible.
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Comment: Full text at: dokumen.pub.
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Comment: Full text at: https://www.academia.edu/34532902.
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Pollini J. 2005, "A Portrait of Caracalla from the Mellerio Collection and the Iconography of Caracalla and Geta", Revue Archeologique, 55-77.
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Comment: Full text at: https://www.academia.edu/29383431.
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Comment: Full text at: UnivLib.
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Comment: Abstract: A diploma of the Roemisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum of A.D. 223 confirms a key detail of Cassius Dio's report on the murder of Caracalla: Aurelius Nemesianus, contrary to what most scholars thought, was indeed a tribune of the horse guard of the equites singulares Augusti.
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No entries

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