L

Langford J. 2013, Maternal Megalomania. Julia Domna and the Imperial Politics of Motherhood, Baltimore.
Comment: Full text at: https://muse.jhu.edu/book/22479/pdf.
Leander Touati A.M. 1991, "Portrait and historical relief. Some remarks on the meaning of Caracalla's sole ruler portrait", Munuscula Romana, 117-131, Stockholm.
Comment: Mennen: Much has been written about Caracalla's gruff expression. For a long time scholars considered this expression as the confirmation of the cruel character of the emperor, as described in the historiographical sources. Assuming the emperor would at least have had to approve of the way he was portrayed, what reason could Caracalla have possibly had to portray himself like a cruel man? During the last decade, scholars have tried to come up with other possible explanations for the frown on Caracalla's face. AAnne-Marie Leander Touati compared the facial expression of Caracalla to the expressions of soldiers at the Trajan frieze on the Arch of Constantine and detected striking iconographical similarities. The faces of the soldiers on this frieze also showed contorted muscles, particularly on the forehead. So even though this tradition cannot be found within the imperial portraiture of the second century, it can be seen within the historical reliefs. Leander Touati deduces from this that Caracalla's portrait was meant to express military virtue, virtus, originating from the artistic tradition within Roman state relief. She suggests that this type is not so much realistic in the sense that the emperor was depicted the way he really looked, but that one should consider it in contrast with the idealism within the Antonine tradition, in which no traces of emotion and age were visible.
Leitmeir F. 2011, "Brueche im Kaiserbildnis von Caracalla bis Severus Alexander", Repraesentationsformen in severischer Zeit, 11-34, Berlin.
Leitmeir F. 2013, "Between Tradition and Innovation - the Visual Representation of Severan Emperors", The Roman Empire during the Severan Dynasty. Case Studies in History, Art, Architecture, Economy and Literature. AJAH 6-8, 465-492.
Comment: Full text at: https://www.academia.edu/9128190.
Letronne J.-A. 1847, "Sur l'arc de triomphe de Theveste (Thebessa) dans la province de Constantine", RA 4,1, 360-374.
Comment: Full text at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/41745646.
Letta C. 1985, "Dal leone di Giulio Alessandro ai leoni di Caracalla. La dinastia di Emesa verso la porpora imperiale", Studi in onore di Edda Bresciani, 289-302, Pisa.
Letta C. 1994, "Il 'Naufragio' di Caracalla in Cassio Dione, nell'Historia Augusta e nei commentari degli Arvali", ZPE 103, 188-190.
Comment: Full text at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/20189190.
Letta C. 2016, "Ritorno a Cassio Dione. Caracalla e il massacro di Alessandria", I percorsi di un Historikos. In memoria di Emilio Gabba, 260-272, Como.
Comment: Full text at: https://www.academia.edu/26054040.
Levick B. 1969, "Caracalla's Path", Hommages a Marcel Renard 2, 426-446, Bruxelles.
Levick B. 2007, Julia Domna: Syrian Empress, London.
Leydier-Bareil A.-M. 2006, Les arcs de triomphe dedies a Caracalla en Afrique romaine, Univ. de Lorraine.
Comment: Full text at: http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN21026# (three parts).
Lindsay J. 1963, Daily Life in Roman Egypt, London.
Comment: Full text at: https://archive.org/details/dailylifeinroman0000lind.
Lombardi L. - Corazza A. 1996, Le Terme di Caracalla, Roma.
Comment: Full text at: https://www.academia.edu/6641258.
Lukaszewicz A. 1998, Antoninus Philosarapis. Observations on Caracalla's Visit to the Sarapeum of Alexandria (AD 215-216), Warszawa.
Luther A. 2003, "Marcopolis in Osrhoene und der Tod des Kaisers Caracalla", Electrum 7, 101-110.