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Districts and wards

Inscriptions document a great many regiones (districts) and vici (wards) in Puteoli.

Regio Arae Lucullianae

Between 337 and 342 AD this region erected a statue for its patron, Q. Flavius Maesius Egnatius Lollianus Mavortius, who would be consul in 355 AD (EDR076734). The base with inscription was found in Pozzuoli, in 1956. The altar from which the region received its name was probably named after the general Licinius Lucullus, a contemporary of Sulla, or his son. The family owned several estates in the area, in Naples, on the island of Nisida, and in Misenum.

Regio Clivi Vitriari sive Vici Turari

In the same years and for the same patron this region too erected a statue. The base was again found in Pozzuoli, in 1885 (EDR076735). The region was named after a slope where glass-workers were active (who also made the glass flasks) and a ward where dealers of incense and perfume could be found.

Regio Decatriae

In the late 3rd or early 4th century a base was reused by the regio Decatriae cultores dei patri vexillari, "the regio Decatriae, worshippers of the god of the fatherland, standard-bearers". The oldest inscription on the stone, walled in in the bell tower of the Duomo of Pozzuoli, had been known for a long time (EDR102492). During works in 1965 the later inscription was laid bare (EDR075343). A statue had been erected by the region for Iulius Sulpicius Successus, patronus coloniae and procurator portus Puteolanorum.

The meaning of Decatria, also found on the glass flasks, is not certain. It may stand for the number 13 (13 statues of deities?). Furthermore Decatrenses and a collegium Decatressium set up statues for the Mavortius mentioned above and his son, Mavortius iunior (EDR108157 and EDR155039). These bases were found, together with their corresponding statues, near the church of San Giuseppe in Pozzuoli.

Left.
The statue and base of Mavortius senior.
Museo archeologico dei Campi Flegrei, Baiae.
Photo: Zevi et al. 2008, p. 152.

Top.
The remaining part of the inscription of the regio Palatina.
Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Florence.
Photo: Camodeca 2018, p. 53.

Regio Hortensiana

At the end of the 15th century an inscription was seen in a church in Salerno that makes mention of the regio Hortensiana (EDR122213). On the glass flasks can be read Hortensiana ripa and the inscription may well come from Puteoli. Several inscription from the city were taken to Salerno in the Middle Ages. It is a dedication by the region to its patron Geminius Tuticius Aemilianus, from 241 AD. The name could refer to the famous orator Q. Hortensius Hortalus and his son. They owned properties in the area in the first century BC, mentioned by Cicero.

Regio Palatina

Also in the 15th century an inscription was seen in Naples that most likely comes from Puteoli. In the 17th century it was used as a drinking trough, and today only the upper half survives (EDR153006). It records the erecting of a statue by the regio Palatina in 345-346 AD for its patron M. Maecius Memmius Furius Baburius Caecilianus Placidus (another very long name, characteristic for late antiquity). The name of the region would be an imitation of the toponymy of the city of Rome. Similarly in Beneventum a regio Esquilina is documented. It might be a reference to the old acropolis of the city.

Regio Portae Triumphalis

Another region to erect a statue for its patron Mavortius was the regio Portae Triumphalis (EDR108156). The reused base with inscription was found in Puteoli, in 1846. There might be another reference to Rome here, and perhaps we may also think of the arches depicted on the glass flasks.

Regio Vici Vestoriani et Calpurniani

This region is documented through a dedication to Domitianus from 95 AD on a marble slab (EDR104407). It was already known in the 15th century. The region was named after two wards bearing the name of wealthy merchants. At the end of the Republican period a Puteolan banker, C. Vestorius, introduced in Puteoli an artificial dye, "Egyptian blue". Latin authors called it caeruleum Vestorianum. The family of the Calpurnii was of great importance in the early Imperial period, witness for example a dedication by a group of merchants from the eastern half of the Empire, the mercatores qui Alexandriai Asiai Syriai negotiantur (EDR129292).

Piecing all the information together, Camodeca proposes a distribution for the regions as shown below (claiming that many inscriptions were found in situ, but that means little more than that they were not found lying next to a lime kiln).

Plan of Puteoli with the suggested location of regions. Image: Camodeca 2018, p. 59.

Names of vici (wards), subdivisions of the regions, have been preserved in the names of the regions: vicus Vestorianus, vicus Calpurnianus, vicus Turarius, while the clivus Vitrarius may have been an alternative name. More vici are known:

Vicus Thuranus

This is the most likely interpretation of VICVI HVRANV on the glass flask from Mérida. It has been suggested that the name contains an error and should be understood again as vicus Thurarius. Another solution is reading vicus Thyrianus, with a reference to people from the city of Tyrus, modern Tyre in Lebanon.

Vicus Magnus

This name too is read on the flask from Mérida.

Vicus Tyanianus

This name is recorded in a graffito found in the Suburban Baths in Herculaneum (EDR102191). It was written not long before 79 AD. The name was taken from people of the city of Tyana, modern Kemerhisar in central Turkey.

Hermeros Primigeniae dominae.
Veni Puteolos in vico Tyaniano et quaere
a Messio numulario Hermerotem Phoebi.
Hermeros to his mistress Primigenia.
Come to Puteoli in the Tyanian ward and ask
from Messius, the money lender, for Hermeros (slave) of Phoebus.
The graffito from Herculaneum. Image: Camodeca 2018, p. 85.

Vicus Lartidianus

The inhabitants of this ward (inquilini vici Lartidiani) erected a statue for Hadrianus in 120-121 AD (EDR076736). The inscribed base was found in 1890 in the sea, 25 meters from the coast. The vicus is now on the bottom of the sea, due to the bradyseism. Here a colonnade called Tempio delle Ninfe has been seen, the columns of which have a diameter of 0.65 centimeters and are 3.30 meters apart. The ward may have been named after a senator from the period of Augustus, Sex. Lartidius, or his son, M. Lartidius. More buildings were identified in 1972.

Vicus Annianus

An identical dedication to Hadrianus, from the same years, was found in the sea in 1972, 300 meters from the beach (EDR076737). This one was the work of the inhabitants of the vicus ... ani. The first letter of the damaged second word seems to have been an A, and Anniani is a possibility, in view of the word ANNIANA on the glass flask from Mérida and because the gens Anniana is well-documented in Puteoli.



Plan of Puteoli with the location of sunken vici. Image: Soricelli 2007, fig. 1.

Movie of the vicus Lartidianus and vicus Annianus. YouTube, Sal Ombra.

Vicus Spurianus

This ward is mentioned in relation to the tomb of the family of the Plautii, which seems to have been on the road between Puteoli and Capua. The marble slab with the inscription had been re-used in the cathedral of Aversa, to the north-east of Pozzuoli (EDR112755). It has been assigned to the middle of the 1st century AD.

Pagus Tyrianus

A pagus is the rural equivalent of a vicus. A pagus named after the inhabitants of the city of Tyrus, modern Tyre in Lebanon, is mentioned in an inscription on a marble slab from the second half of the 2nd century (EDR100557). L. Domitius Pudens was patron of the pagus. The inhabitants are called pagani.